---
title: He placed his foot right on a cracked limb without seeing it. — Old Indian Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: He placed his foot right on a cracked limb without seeing it. Who acts: squeaking. A sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Iktomi and the Ducks, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Old Indian Legends, Iktomi and the Ducks, sentence 123

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He placed his foot right on a cracked limb without seeing it.

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**Who acts:** squeaking · **What happens:** place, crack, see · **To what, where:** foot, cracked limb, tree

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This is a sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Iktomi and the Ducks. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (squeaking), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg338:2:123
# text = He placed his foot right on a cracked limb without seeing it.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	placed	place	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	foot	foot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	right	right	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	cracked	crack	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	amod	_	_
9	limb	limb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
10	without	without	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
11	seeing	see	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **place** | past | squeaking | squeaking's foot |  | a cracked limb |  | right *property* | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent foot=Theme on limb=Destination |
| 2 | **crack** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **see** | gerund | squeaking *not said here* | tree |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Project Gutenberg book 338 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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