---
title: The leader of the pack upon hearing Iktomi's words turned to his com… — Old Indian Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: The leader of the pack upon hearing Iktomi's words turned to his comrades and said: Who acts: leader, Iktomi. A sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Iktomi and the Ducks, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Old Indian Legends, Iktomi and the Ducks, sentence 134

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The leader of the pack upon hearing Iktomi's words turned to his comrades and said:

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**Who acts:** leader, Iktomi · **What happens:** hear, turn, say, word · **To what, where:** words, comrades · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Iktomi and the Ducks. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (leader, Iktomi), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg338:2:134
# text = The leader of the pack upon hearing Iktomi's words turned to his comrades and said:
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	leader	leader	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	pack	pack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	upon	upon	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	hearing	hear	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
8	Iktomi	Iktomi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	's	's	PART	POS	_	8	case	_	_
10	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
11	turned	turn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	to	to	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	comrades	comrade	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | gerund | the leader of the pack *not said here* | Iktomi's words |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer word=Stimulus |
| 2 | **turn** | past | the leader of the pack |  |  | leader's comrades |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme to comrade=Trajectory |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the leader of the pack *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **word** |  | Iktomi |  |  |  |  |  | nom word «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Project Gutenberg book 338 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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