---
title: Real tears washed brown streaks across his red-painted cheeks. — Old Indian Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: Real tears washed brown streaks across his red-painted cheeks. Who acts: Real tears. A sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Iktomi and the Ducks, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Old Indian Legends, Iktomi and the Ducks, sentence 144

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Real tears washed brown streaks across his red-painted cheeks.

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**Who acts:** Real tears · **What happens:** wash, paint · **To what, where:** brown streaks, painted cheeks

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This is a sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Iktomi and the Ducks. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Real tears), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg338:2:144
# text = Real tears washed brown streaks across his red-painted cheeks.
1	Real	real	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	tears	tear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	washed	wash	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	brown	brown	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	streaks	streak	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	across	across	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
8	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	painted	paint	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	amod	_	_
11	cheeks	cheek	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wash** | participle | Real tears *not said here* | brown streaks |  | IKTOMI's painted cheeks |  |  | vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent streak=Patient |
| 2 | **paint** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Project Gutenberg book 338 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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