---
title: Smacking their lips, the wolves began to leave the place, when Iktom… — Old Indian Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: Smacking their lips, the wolves began to leave the place, when Iktomi cried out like a pouting child, “At least you have left my baking under the ashes!” Who acts: wolves, Iktomi, you, my. A sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Iktomi and the Ducks, with its dependency tree and the pragma
---

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# Old Indian Legends, Iktomi and the Ducks, sentence 145

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Smacking their lips, the wolves began to leave the place, when Iktomi cried out like a pouting child, “At least you have left my baking under the ashes!”

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**Who acts:** wolves, Iktomi, you, my · **What happens:** smack, begin, leave, cry out, pout, bake · **To what, where:** lips, place, baking, least · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Iktomi and the Ducks. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (wolves, Iktomi, you, my), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg338:2:145
# text = Smacking their lips, the wolves began to leave the place, when Iktomi cried out like a pouting child, “At least you have left my baking under the ashes!”
1	Smacking	smack	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	advcl	_	_
2	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	lips	lip	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	wolves	wolf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
7	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	leave	leave	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	15	advmod	_	_
14	Iktomi	Iktomi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
15	cried	cry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	parataxis	_	_
16	out	out	ADP	RP	_	15	compound:prt	_	_
17	like	like	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	pouting	pout	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	20	amod	_	_
20	child	child	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
22	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	27	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	At	at	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	least	least	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	27	obl	_	_
25	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	27	nsubj	_	_
26	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	27	aux	_	_
27	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	15	conj	_	_
28	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	29	nmod:poss	_	_
29	baking	baking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obj	_	_
30	under	under	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	ashes	ash	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	27	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **smack** | gerund | the wolves *not said here* | tears's lips |  |  |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lip=Patient |
| 2 | **begin** | past | the wolves |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 3 | **leave** | to-infinitive | the wolves *not said here* | the place |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent place=Theme |
| 4 | **cry out** *speech: express* | past | Iktomi |  |  |  |  | like a pouting child | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **pout** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **leave** *in a quote* | present · perfect | you | my baking |  | least |  | under the ashes | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent baking=Theme at least=Location |
| 7 | **bake** *in a quote* |  | my |  |  |  |  |  | nom baking «act transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Project Gutenberg book 338 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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