---
title: Po!” shouted the mischievous wolves; “he says more ducks are to be f… — Old Indian Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: Po!” shouted the mischievous wolves; “he says more ducks are to be found under the ashes! Who acts: Po. A sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Iktomi and the Ducks, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Old Indian Legends, Iktomi and the Ducks, sentence 147

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Po!” shouted the mischievous wolves; “he says more ducks are to be found under the ashes!

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**Who acts:** Po · **What happens:** shout, say, find · **To what, where:** mischievous wolves, more ducks, ashes · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Iktomi and the Ducks. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Po), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg338:2:147
# text = Po!” shouted the mischievous wolves; “he says more ducks are to be found under the ashes!
1	Po	po	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	1	punct	_	_
4	shouted	shout	VERB	VBD	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	mischievous	mischievous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	wolves	wolf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
9	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
12	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	13	amod	_	_
13	ducks	duck	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nsubj:pass	_	_
14	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux:pass	_	_
15	to	to	PART	TO	_	17	mark	_	_
16	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	aux:pass	_	_
17	found	find	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	ccomp	_	_
18	under	under	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	ashes	ash	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shout** *speech: express* *in a quote* | past | Po | the mischievous wolves |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wolf=Topic |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Po |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **find** | present · passive |  | more ducks |  | the ashes |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Project Gutenberg book 338 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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