---
title: Up rose the circle of seated ducks and holding their wings close aga… — Old Indian Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: Up rose the circle of seated ducks and holding their wings close against their sides began to dance to the rhythm of Iktomi's song and drum. Who acts: wings, sides, Iktomi. A sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Iktomi and the Ducks, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every cl
---

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# Old Indian Legends, Iktomi and the Ducks, sentence 75

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Up rose the circle of seated ducks and holding their wings close against their sides began to dance to the rhythm of Iktomi's song and drum.

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**Who acts:** wings, sides, Iktomi · **What happens:** rise, seat, hold, close, begin, dance · **To what, where:** circle, rhythm

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This is a sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Iktomi and the Ducks. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (wings, sides, Iktomi), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg338:2:75
# text = Up rose the circle of seated ducks and holding their wings close against their sides began to dance to the rhythm of Iktomi's song and drum.
1	Up	up	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	rose	rise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	circle	circle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	seated	seat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	amod	_	_
7	ducks	duck	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	2	cc	_	_
9	holding	hold	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
10	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	wings	wing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj	_	_
12	close	close	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	ccomp	_	_
13	against	against	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
14	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	sides	side	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nsubj	_	_
16	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	advcl	_	_
17	to	to	PART	TO	_	18	mark	_	_
18	dance	dance	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	xcomp	_	_
19	to	to	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	rhythm	rhythm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
23	Iktomi	Iktomi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	's	's	PART	POS	_	23	case	_	_
25	song	song	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
27	drum	drum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rise** | past |  | the circle of seated ducks |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location circle=Theme |
| 2 | **seat** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn fit-54.3 «NP.location V NP»: agent=Location |
| 3 | **hold** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 4 | **close** | present | ducks's wings |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 5 | **begin** | past | wings's sides |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 6 | **dance** | to-infinitive | wings's sides *not said here* |  |  | the rhythm of Iktomi's song and drum |  |  | vn waltz-51.5 «NP V PP.trajectory PP.goal»: agent=Theme to rhythm=Trajectory |
| 7 | **sing** |  | Iktomi |  |  |  |  |  | nom song «communication intransitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Project Gutenberg book 338 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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