---
title: Iktomi felt the cold night air upon his bare neck and shoulders. — Old Indian Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: Iktomi felt the cold night air upon his bare neck and shoulders. Who acts: Iktomi. A sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Iktomi's Blanket, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Old Indian Legends, Iktomi's Blanket, sentence 37

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Iktomi felt the cold night air upon his bare neck and shoulders.

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**Who acts:** Iktomi · **What happens:** feel · **To what, where:** cold night air, bare neck

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This is a sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Iktomi's Blanket. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Iktomi), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg338:3:37
# text = Iktomi felt the cold night air upon his bare neck and shoulders.
1	Iktomi	Iktomi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	felt	feel	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
7	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
9	bare	bare	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	neck	neck	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	shoulders	shoulder	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **feel** | past | Iktomi | the cold night air |  | Iktomi's bare neck and shoulders |  |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent air=Theme upon neck=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Project Gutenberg book 338 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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