---
title: BESIDE a white lake, beneath a large grown willow tree, sat Iktomi o… — Old Indian Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: BESIDE a white lake, beneath a large grown willow tree, sat Iktomi on the bare ground. A sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Iktomi and the Muskrat, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Old Indian Legends, Iktomi and the Muskrat, sentence 1

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BESIDE a white lake, beneath a large grown willow tree, sat Iktomi on the bare ground.

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**What happens:** grow, sit · **To what, where:** Iktomi, white lake

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This is a sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Iktomi and the Muskrat. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg338:4:1
# text = BESIDE a white lake, beneath a large grown willow tree, sat Iktomi on the bare ground.
1	BESIDE	beside	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	lake	lake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
6	beneath	beneath	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
8	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
9	grown	grow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	amod	_	_
10	willow	willow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
13	sat	sit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
14	Iktomi	Iktomi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
15	on	on	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	bare	bare	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **sit** | past |  | Iktomi |  | a white lake and a large grown willow tree |  | on the bare ground | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V NP.theme PP»: agent=Agent iktomi=Theme beside lake=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Project Gutenberg book 338 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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