---
title: Iktomi turned and there stood a dripping muskrat who had just come o… — Old Indian Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: Iktomi turned and there stood a dripping muskrat who had just come out of the lake. Who acts: Iktomi, dripping muskrat. A sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Iktomi and the Muskrat, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Old Indian Legends, Iktomi and the Muskrat, sentence 14

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Iktomi turned and there stood a dripping muskrat who had just come out of the lake.

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**Who acts:** Iktomi, dripping muskrat · **What happens:** turn, stand, drip, come out · **To what, where:** dripping muskrat

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This is a sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Iktomi and the Muskrat. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Iktomi, dripping muskrat), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg338:4:14
# text = Iktomi turned and there stood a dripping muskrat who had just come out of the lake.
1	Iktomi	Iktomi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	turned	turn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
4	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	5	advmod	_	_
5	stood	stand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	dripping	drip	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	amod	_	_
8	muskrat	muskrat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
9	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
10	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
11	just	just	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
12	come	come	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	8	acl:relcl	_	_
13	out	out	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	lake	lake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn** | past | Iktomi |  |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **stand** | past | Iktomi *not said here* | a dripping muskrat |  | there |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer muskrat=Stimulus |
| 3 | **drip** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn substance\_emission-43.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Source |
| 4 | **come out** | past · perfect | a dripping muskrat |  |  |  |  | of the lake; out *property* | vn become-109.1 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Project Gutenberg book 338 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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