---
title: On his lips hung a ready “Yes, my friend,” when Iktomi would ask, “M… — Old Indian Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: On his lips hung a ready “Yes, my friend,” when Iktomi would ask, “My friend, will you sit down beside me and share my food?” Who acts: Iktomi, friend. A sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Iktomi and the Muskrat, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Old Indian Legends, Iktomi and the Muskrat, sentence 19

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
On his lips hung a ready “Yes, my friend,” when Iktomi would ask, “My friend, will you sit down beside me and share my food?”

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Iktomi, friend · **What happens:** hang, ask, sit down, share · **To what, where:** ready friend, lips, food · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Iktomi and the Muskrat. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Iktomi, friend), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg338:4:19
# text = On his lips hung a ready “Yes, my friend,” when Iktomi would ask, “My friend, will you sit down beside me and share my food?”
1	On	on	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	lips	lip	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
4	hung	hang	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
6	ready	ready	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
7	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	Yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	11	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
14	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	17	advmod	_	_
15	Iktomi	Iktomi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
16	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
17	ask	ask	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
19	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	25	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	21	nmod:poss	_	_
21	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
23	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	25	aux	_	_
24	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	25	nsubj	_	_
25	sit	sit	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	conj	_	_
26	down	down	ADP	RP	_	25	compound:prt	_	_
27	beside	beside	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	25	obl	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
30	share	share	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	25	conj	_	_
31	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	32	nmod:poss	_	_
32	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hang** | past |  | my ready friend |  | friend's lips |  |  | vn put\_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent friend=Theme on lip=Destination |
| 2 | **ask** *speech: ask* | would | Iktomi |  |  |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **sit down** *in a quote* | future | My friend |  |  |  |  | beside Iktomi | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent beside i=Location |
| 4 | **share** *in a quote* | infinitive | My friend *not said here* | my food |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Project Gutenberg book 338 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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