---
title: The muskrat began to feel awkward before such lack of hospitality an… — Old Indian Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: The muskrat began to feel awkward before such lack of hospitality and wished himself under water. Who acts: muskrat. A sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Iktomi and the Muskrat, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Old Indian Legends, Iktomi and the Muskrat, sentence 23

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The muskrat began to feel awkward before such lack of hospitality and wished himself under water.

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**Who acts:** muskrat · **What happens:** begin, feel, wish, lack · **To what, where:** Iktomi, water, hospitality

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This is a sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Iktomi and the Muskrat. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (muskrat), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg338:4:23
# text = The muskrat began to feel awkward before such lack of hospitality and wished himself under water.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	muskrat	muskrat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	feel	feel	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	awkward	awkward	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	_
7	before	before	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	lack	lack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	hospitality	hospitality	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	wished	wish	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
14	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	13	obj	_	_
15	under	under	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **begin** | past | the muskrat |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **feel** | to-infinitive | the muskrat *not said here* |  |  |  | before such lack of hospitality | awkward *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |
| 3 | **wish** | past | the muskrat *not said here* | Iktomi |  | water |  |  | vn wish-62 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot himself=Theme |
| 4 | **lack** |  |  | hospitality |  |  |  |  | nom lack «state transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Project Gutenberg book 338 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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