---
title: After many heart throbs Iktomi stopped drumming with his horn ladle,… — Old Indian Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: After many heart throbs Iktomi stopped drumming with his horn ladle, and looking upward into the muskrat's face, he said: Who acts: Iktomi. A sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Iktomi and the Muskrat, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Old Indian Legends, Iktomi and the Muskrat, sentence 24

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After many heart throbs Iktomi stopped drumming with his horn ladle, and looking upward into the muskrat's face, he said:

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**Who acts:** Iktomi · **What happens:** throb, stop, drum, look, say · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Iktomi and the Muskrat. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Iktomi), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg338:4:24
# text = After many heart throbs Iktomi stopped drumming with his horn ladle, and looking upward into the muskrat's face, he said:
1	After	after	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
4	throbs	throb	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	Iktomi	Iktomi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	stopped	stop	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	ccomp	_	_
7	drumming	drum	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	xcomp	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
10	horn	horn	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	ladle	ladle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
14	looking	look	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	23	advcl	_	_
15	upward	upward	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
16	into	into	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	muskrat	muskrat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	's	's	PART	POS	_	18	case	_	_
20	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
22	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
23	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **throb** | present |  |  |  |  | after many heart |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **stop** | past | Iktomi |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality |
| 3 | **drum** | gerund | Iktomi *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with Iktomi's horn ladle | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V PP PP»: agent=Agent with ladle=Instrument |
| 4 | **look** | gerund | Iktomi *not said here* |  |  |  |  | into the muskrat's face; upward *property* | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent into face=Theme |
| 5 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Iktomi |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Project Gutenberg book 338 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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