---
title: “Yes, yes,” said Iktomi, suddenly turning his gaze upon the unwelcom… — Old Indian Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: “Yes, yes,” said Iktomi, suddenly turning his gaze upon the unwelcome visitor; “I shall carry a large stone on my back. Who acts: Iktomi. A sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Iktomi and the Muskrat, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Old Indian Legends, Iktomi and the Muskrat, sentence 36

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
“Yes, yes,” said Iktomi, suddenly turning his gaze upon the unwelcome visitor; “I shall carry a large stone on my back.

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**Who acts:** Iktomi · **What happens:** say, turn, carry, gaze · **To what, where:** gaze, large stone, back · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Iktomi and the Muskrat. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Iktomi), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg338:4:36
# text = “Yes, yes,” said Iktomi, suddenly turning his gaze upon the unwelcome visitor; “I shall carry a large stone on my back.
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	7	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	2	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
7	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	Iktomi	Iktomi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	suddenly	suddenly	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	turning	turn	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	advcl	_	_
12	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	gaze	gaze	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
14	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	unwelcome	unwelcome	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	visitor	visitor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	22	punct	_	_
19	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
21	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	22	aux	_	_
22	carry	carry	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	conj	_	_
23	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
24	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	_
26	on	on	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	28	nmod:poss	_	_
28	back	back	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Iktomi |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **turn** | gerund | Iktomi *not said here* | Iktomi's gaze |  |  |  | upon the unwelcome visitor; suddenly *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent gaze=Theme |
| 3 | **carry** *in a quote* | shall | Iktomi | a large stone |  | my back |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stone=Theme |
| 4 | **gaze** |  | Iktomi |  |  |  |  |  | nom gaze «act intransitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Project Gutenberg book 338 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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