---
title: He looked across the lake to see how far the muskrat had gone, but n… — Old Indian Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: He looked across the lake to see how far the muskrat had gone, but nowhere did he see any sign of him. Who acts: Iktomi, muskrat. A sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Iktomi and the Muskrat, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Old Indian Legends, Iktomi and the Muskrat, sentence 50

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He looked across the lake to see how far the muskrat had gone, but nowhere did he see any sign of him.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Iktomi, muskrat · **What happens:** look, see, go, sign · **To what, where:** sign, fish · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Iktomi and the Muskrat. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Iktomi, muskrat), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg338:4:50
# text = He looked across the lake to see how far the muskrat had gone, but nowhere did he see any sign of him.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	across	across	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	lake	lake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
8	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	9	advmod	_	_
9	far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	13	advmod	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	muskrat	muskrat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
12	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
13	gone	go	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	7	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
15	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
16	nowhere	nowhere	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	19	advmod	_	_
17	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
18	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
19	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
20	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	21	det	_	_
21	sign	sign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | past | Iktomi |  |  |  |  | across the lake | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent across lake=Theme |
| 2 | **see** | to-infinitive | Iktomi *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 3 | **go** | past · perfect | the muskrat |  |  |  |  | far *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **see** | past · do-support | Iktomi | any sign of fish |  |  |  | nowhere *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer sign=Stimulus |
| 5 | **sign** |  |  | fish |  |  |  |  | nom sign «communication transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Project Gutenberg book 338 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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