---
title: He has laughed at me for carrying a weight on my back while he shot… — Old Indian Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: He has laughed at me for carrying a weight on my back while he shot hither like an arrow!” Who acts: man. A sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Iktomi and the Muskrat, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Old Indian Legends, Iktomi and the Muskrat, sentence 68

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He has laughed at me for carrying a weight on my back while he shot hither like an arrow!”

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**Who acts:** man · **What happens:** laugh, carry, shoot · **To what, where:** weight, back

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This is a sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Iktomi and the Muskrat. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg338:4:68
# text = He has laughed at me for carrying a weight on my back while he shot hither like an arrow!”
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	laughed	laugh	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	obl	_	_
6	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	carrying	carry	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	weight	weight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	on	on	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	back	back	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
13	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
14	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
15	shot	shoot	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
16	hither	hither	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
17	like	like	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	arrow	arrow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **laugh** | present · perfect | man |  |  |  |  | at me | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **carry** | gerund | man *not said here* | a weight |  | my back |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent weight=Theme |
| 3 | **shoot** | past | man |  |  |  |  | like a arrow; hither *property* | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Project Gutenberg book 338 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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