---
title: “Next time, say to a visiting friend, 'Be seated beside me, my friend. — Old Indian Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: “Next time, say to a visiting friend, 'Be seated beside me, my friend. Who acts: you. A sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Iktomi and the Muskrat, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Old Indian Legends, Iktomi and the Muskrat, sentence 81

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“Next time, say to a visiting friend, 'Be seated beside me, my friend.

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**Who acts:** you · **What happens:** say, visit, seat · **To what, where:** visiting friend · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Iktomi and the Muskrat. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg338:4:81
# text = “Next time, say to a visiting friend, 'Be seated beside me, my friend.
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Next	next	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	say	say	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	visiting	visit	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	amod	_	_
9	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	Be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	aux:pass	_	_
13	seated	seat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	advcl	_	_
14	beside	beside	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	vocative	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* *in a quote* | imperative | you *not said here* |  | a visiting friend |  | time |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to friend=Recipient |
| 2 | **visit** *in a quote* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **seat** *in a quote* | infinitive · passive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | beside Iktomi; my friend *vocative* | vn fit-54.3 «NP.location V NP» |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Project Gutenberg book 338 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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