---
title: Ah-ha!” he laughed, as he seized the coyote by its two fore paws and… — Old Indian Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: Ah-ha!” he laughed, as he seized the coyote by its two fore paws and its two hind feet and swung him over head across his shoulders. Who acts: paw. A sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Iktomi and the Coyote, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg338/5/24/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Old Indian Legends](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg338/) / [Iktomi and the Coyote](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg338/5/) / 24

# Old Indian Legends, Iktomi and the Coyote, sentence 24

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ah-ha!” he laughed, as he seized the coyote by its two fore paws and its two hind feet and swung him over head across his shoulders.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** paw · **What happens:** laugh, seize, swing over · **To what, where:** coyote, paw, shoulders

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Iktomi and the Coyote. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (paw), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg338:5:24
# text = Ah-ha!” he laughed, as he seized the coyote by its two fore paws and its two hind feet and swung him over head across his shoulders.
1	Ah	ah	INTJ	UH	_	7	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	ha	ha	INTJ	UH	_	1	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	1	punct	_	_
6	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	laughed	laugh	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
10	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	seized	seize	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	coyote	coyote	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
14	by	by	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
15	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
16	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	18	nummod	_	_
17	fore	fore	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	paws	paw	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
20	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	23	nmod:poss	_	_
21	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	23	nummod	_	_
22	hind	hind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	feet	foot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	conj	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
25	swung	swing	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
26	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	obj	_	_
27	over	over	ADP	RP	_	25	compound:prt	_	_
28	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl:unmarked	_	_
29	across	across	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	31	nmod:poss	_	_
31	shoulders	shoulder	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **laugh** *in a quote* | past | paw |  |  |  |  |  | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **seize** *in a quote* | past | paw | the coyote |  |  |  | by coyote's two fore paws and coyote's two hind feet | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent coyote=Theme |
| 3 | **swing over** *in a quote* | past | paw *not said here* | paw |  | paw's shoulders |  | head *obl:unmarked* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent he=Theme across shoulder=Trajectory |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Project Gutenberg book 338 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [sentence 23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg338/5/23/)
- next →: [sentence 25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg338/5/25/)
- ↑ back to [Iktomi and the Coyote](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg338/5/)