---
title: All the while the coyote on his back lay gazing into the sky with wi… — Old Indian Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: All the while the coyote on his back lay gazing into the sky with wide open eyes. Who acts: coyote. A sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Iktomi and the Coyote, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Old Indian Legends, Iktomi and the Coyote, sentence 28

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All the while the coyote on his back lay gazing into the sky with wide open eyes.

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**Who acts:** coyote · **What happens:** lie, gaze

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This is a sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Iktomi and the Coyote. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (coyote), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg338:5:28
# text = All the while the coyote on his back lay gazing into the sky with wide open eyes.
1	All	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	9	det:predet	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	1	det	_	_
3	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	coyote	coyote	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	back	back	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	lay	lie	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	gazing	gaze	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	xcomp	_	_
11	into	into	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	sky	sky	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
14	with	with	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	wide	wide	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
16	open	open	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lie** | past | the coyote on Iktomi's back |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **gaze** | gerund | the coyote on Iktomi's back *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with wide open eyes; into the sky | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent into sky=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Project Gutenberg book 338 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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