---
title: He walked through the grass without following any well-worn footpath. — Old Indian Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: He walked through the grass without following any well-worn footpath. Who acts: Iktomi. A sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Iktomi and the Coyote, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Old Indian Legends, Iktomi and the Coyote, sentence 4

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He walked through the grass without following any well-worn footpath.

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**Who acts:** Iktomi · **What happens:** walk, follow, wear · **To what, where:** grass, worn footpath

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This is a sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Iktomi and the Coyote. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Iktomi), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg338:5:4
# text = He walked through the grass without following any well-worn footpath.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	walked	walk	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	through	through	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	grass	grass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	without	without	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	following	follow	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
8	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	12	det	_	_
9	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	11	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	worn	wear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	amod	_	_
12	footpath	footpath	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **walk** | past | Iktomi |  |  | the grass |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through grass=Trajectory |
| 2 | **follow** | gerund | Iktomi *not said here* | any worn footpath |  |  |  |  | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent footpath=Theme |
| 3 | **wear** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | well *property* | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V PP-Conative»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Project Gutenberg book 338 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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