---
title: Humming a dance-song, one from his bundle of mystery songs, Iktomi h… — Old Indian Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: Humming a dance-song, one from his bundle of mystery songs, Iktomi hopped and darted about at an imaginary dance and feast. Who acts: Iktomi. A sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Iktomi and the Coyote, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Old Indian Legends, Iktomi and the Coyote, sentence 44

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Humming a dance-song, one from his bundle of mystery songs, Iktomi hopped and darted about at an imaginary dance and feast.

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**Who acts:** Iktomi · **What happens:** hum, hop, dart about · **To what, where:** dance song, imaginary dance

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This is a sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Iktomi and the Coyote. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Iktomi), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg338:5:44
# text = Humming a dance-song, one from his bundle of mystery songs, Iktomi hopped and darted about at an imaginary dance and feast.
1	Humming	hum	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	16	advcl	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
3	dance	dance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	song	song	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	appos	_	_
8	from	from	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	bundle	bundle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	mystery	mystery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	songs	song	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
15	Iktomi	Iktomi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
16	hopped	hop	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	darted	dart	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	conj	_	_
19	about	about	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
20	at	at	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
21	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
22	imaginary	imaginary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	dance	dance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
25	feast	feast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hum** | gerund | Iktomi *not said here* | a dance song |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent song=Topic |
| 2 | **hop** | past | Iktomi |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **dart about** | past | Iktomi *not said here* |  |  | a imaginary dance and feast |  | about *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at dance=Trajectory |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Project Gutenberg book 338 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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