---
title: Taking him again by his paws and hind feet, he swung him to and fro. — Old Indian Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: Taking him again by his paws and hind feet, he swung him to and fro. Who acts: Iktomi. A sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Iktomi and the Coyote, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Old Indian Legends, Iktomi and the Coyote, sentence 49

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Taking him again by his paws and hind feet, he swung him to and fro.

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**Who acts:** Iktomi · **What happens:** take, swing, fro · **To what, where:** Iktomi, paw

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This is a sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Iktomi and the Coyote. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Iktomi), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg338:5:49
# text = Taking him again by his paws and hind feet, he swung him to and fro.
1	Taking	take	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	advcl	_	_
2	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	1	obj	_	_
3	again	again	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	paws	paw	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	hind	hind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	feet	foot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
11	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	swung	swing	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
13	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	obj	_	_
14	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	obl	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	fro	fro	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | gerund | Iktomi *not said here* |  | Iktomi |  | again | by Iktomi's paws and hind feet | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Instrument he=Destination |
| 2 | **swing** | past | Iktomi | paw |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent he=Theme |
| 3 | **fro** | infinitive | Iktomi *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Project Gutenberg book 338 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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