---
title: Iktomi's eyes were almost ready to jump out of his head as he stood… — Old Indian Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: Iktomi's eyes were almost ready to jump out of his head as he stood cooling a burn on his brown arm with his breath. Who acts: eyes, Iktomi. A sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Iktomi and the Coyote, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Old Indian Legends, Iktomi and the Coyote, sentence 61

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Iktomi's eyes were almost ready to jump out of his head as he stood cooling a burn on his brown arm with his breath.

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**Who acts:** eyes, Iktomi · **What happens:** be, jump out, stand, cool · **To what, where:** head, burn, brown arm

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This is a sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Iktomi and the Coyote. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (eyes, Iktomi), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg338:5:61
# text = Iktomi's eyes were almost ready to jump out of his head as he stood cooling a burn on his brown arm with his breath.
1	Iktomi	Iktomi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
4	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	almost	almost	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	ready	ready	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	jump	jump	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
9	out	out	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
13	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
14	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
15	stood	stand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	advcl	_	_
16	cooling	cool	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	15	xcomp	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	burn	burn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
19	on	on	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
20	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	22	nmod:poss	_	_
21	brown	brown	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	arm	arm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
23	with	with	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	25	nmod:poss	_	_
25	breath	breath	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Iktomi's eyes |  |  |  |  | almost, ready *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **jump out** | to-infinitive | Iktomi's eyes *not said here* | Iktomi's head |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme head=Trajectory |
| 3 | **stand** | past | Iktomi |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 4 | **cool** | gerund | Iktomi *not said here* | a burn |  | Iktomi's brown arm |  | with Iktomi's breath | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent burn=Patient with breath=Instrument |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Project Gutenberg book 338 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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