---
title: IN one of his wanderings through the wooded lands, Iktomi saw a rare… — Old Indian Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: IN one of his wanderings through the wooded lands, Iktomi saw a rare bird sitting high in a tree-top. Who acts: Iktomi, rare bird, his. A sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Iktomi and the Fawn, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Old Indian Legends, Iktomi and the Fawn, sentence 1

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IN one of his wanderings through the wooded lands, Iktomi saw a rare bird sitting high in a tree-top.

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**Who acts:** Iktomi, rare bird, his · **What happens:** wood, see, sit, wander · **To what, where:** rare bird, tree top, wooded lands

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This is a sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Iktomi and the Fawn. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Iktomi, rare bird, his), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg338:6:1
# text = IN one of his wanderings through the wooded lands, Iktomi saw a rare bird sitting high in a tree-top.
1	IN	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	12	obl	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	wanderings	wandering	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
6	through	through	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	wooded	wood	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	amod	_	_
9	lands	land	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
11	Iktomi	Iktomi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
12	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	rare	rare	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
16	sitting	sit	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	15	acl	_	_
17	high	high	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	16	advmod	_	_
18	in	in	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
20	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wood** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **see** | past | Iktomi | a rare bird |  |  |  | in one of his wanderings through the wooded lands | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer bird=Stimulus |
| 3 | **sit** | gerund | a rare bird *not said here* |  |  | a tree top |  | high *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in top=Location |
| 4 | **wander** |  | his *= he* |  |  | the wooded lands |  |  | nom wandering «act transitive»: poss=agent through=place |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Project Gutenberg book 338 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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