---
title: Thus with his own hands he aids in making his grave. — Old Indian Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: Thus with his own hands he aids in making his grave. Who acts: desire. A sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Iktomi and the Fawn, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg338/6/140/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Old Indian Legends](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg338/) / [Iktomi and the Fawn](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg338/6/) / 140

# Old Indian Legends, Iktomi and the Fawn, sentence 140

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Thus with his own hands he aids in making his grave.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** desire · **What happens:** aid, make · **To what, where:** grave

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Iktomi and the Fawn. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (desire), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg338:6:140
# text = Thus with his own hands he aids in making his grave.
1	Thus	thus	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
2	with	with	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
4	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
6	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	aids	aid	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	in	in	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
9	making	make	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	advcl	_	_
10	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	grave	grave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **aid** | present | desire |  |  |  |  | with desire's own hands | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent with hand=Theme |
| 2 | **make** | gerund | desire *not said here* | desire's grave |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset grave=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Project Gutenberg book 338 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [sentence 139](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg338/6/139/)
- next →: [sentence 141](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg338/6/141/)
- ↑ back to [Iktomi and the Fawn](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg338/6/)