---
title: While the fawn covered him over with cedars, a far-away voice came u… — Old Indian Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: While the fawn covered him over with cedars, a far-away voice came up through them, “Brown, brown spots to wear forever!” Who acts: fawn, away voice. A sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Iktomi and the Fawn, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Old Indian Legends, Iktomi and the Fawn, sentence 143

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While the fawn covered him over with cedars, a far-away voice came up through them, “Brown, brown spots to wear forever!”

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**Who acts:** fawn, away voice · **What happens:** cover over, come up, wear · **To what, where:** Iktomi, Brown brown spots

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This is a sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Iktomi and the Fawn. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (fawn, away voice), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg338:6:143
# text = While the fawn covered him over with cedars, a far-away voice came up through them, “Brown, brown spots to wear forever!”
1	While	while	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	fawn	fawn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	covered	cover	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	_
6	over	over	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	cedars	cedar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
11	far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	13	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	away	away	ADV	RB	_	14	amod	_	_
14	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
15	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
16	up	up	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
17	through	through	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
20	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	24	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	Brown	brown	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
23	brown	brown	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	spots	spot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obl	_	_
25	to	to	PART	TO	_	26	mark	_	_
26	wear	wear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	24	acl	_	_
27	forever	forever	ADV	RB	_	26	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	24	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	24	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cover over** | past | the fawn |  | Iktomi |  |  | with cedars | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent he=Destination with cedar=Theme |
| 2 | **come up** | past | a away voice | Brown brown spots |  |  |  | through cedars *= cedar* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme through they=Initial\_Location |
| 3 | **wear** *in a quote* | to-infinitive | a away voice *not said here* | Brown brown spots *not said here* |  |  |  | forever *property* | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V PP-Conative»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Project Gutenberg book 338 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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