---
title: Muttering unhappy vows to himself, Iktomi had not gone far when he c… — Old Indian Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: Muttering unhappy vows to himself, Iktomi had not gone far when he chanced upon a bunch of long slender arrows. Who acts: Iktomi. A sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Iktomi and the Fawn, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Old Indian Legends, Iktomi and the Fawn, sentence 62

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Muttering unhappy vows to himself, Iktomi had not gone far when he chanced upon a bunch of long slender arrows.

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**Who acts:** Iktomi · **What happens:** mutter, not go, chance · **To what, where:** unhappy vows, bird, bunch

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This is a sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Iktomi and the Fawn. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Iktomi), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg338:6:62
# text = Muttering unhappy vows to himself, Iktomi had not gone far when he chanced upon a bunch of long slender arrows.
1	Muttering	mutter	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	10	advcl	_	_
2	unhappy	unhappy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	vows	vow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
7	Iktomi	Iktomi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
8	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
9	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	10	advmod	_	_
10	gone	go	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
11	far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	10	advmod	_	_
12	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	14	advmod	_	_
13	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
14	chanced	chance	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	advcl	_	_
15	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	bunch	bunch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
19	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
20	slender	slender	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	arrows	arrow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mutter** *speech: assert* | gerund | Iktomi *not said here* | unhappy vows | bird |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent vow=Topic to himself=Recipient |
| 2 | **not** **go** | past · perfect | Iktomi |  |  |  |  | far *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **chance** | past | Iktomi |  |  | a bunch of long slender arrows |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme upon bunch=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Project Gutenberg book 338 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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