---
title: All the little ruffian bears hooted and shouted “ha-ha!” to see the… — Old Indian Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: All the little ruffian bears hooted and shouted “ha-ha!” to see the beggar fall upon his face. Who acts: little ruffian bears, beggar. A sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, The Badger and the Bear, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Old Indian Legends, The Badger and the Bear, sentence 100

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
All the little ruffian bears hooted and shouted “ha-ha!” to see the beggar fall upon his face.

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**Who acts:** little ruffian bears, beggar · **What happens:** hoot, shout, see, fall · **To what, where:** face · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, The Badger and the Bear. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (little ruffian bears, beggar), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg338:7:100
# text = All the little ruffian bears hooted and shouted “ha-ha!” to see the beggar fall upon his face.
1	All	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	5	det:predet	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
3	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
4	ruffian	ruffian	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	bears	bear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	hooted	hoot	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	shouted	shout	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
9	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	ha	ha	INTJ	UH	_	12	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	ha	ha	INTJ	UH	_	8	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
15	to	to	PART	TO	_	16	mark	_	_
16	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	beggar	beggar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj	_	_
19	fall	fall	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	ccomp	_	_
20	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	22	nmod:poss	_	_
22	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hoot** | past | all little ruffian bears |  |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **shout** *speech: express* | past | all little ruffian bears *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **see** | to-infinitive | all little ruffian bears *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 4 | **fall** | infinitive | the beggar |  |  | beggar's face |  |  | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme upon face=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Project Gutenberg book 338 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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