---
title: These firmly tied bags of dried meat were laid upon the rocks in the… — Old Indian Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: These firmly tied bags of dried meat were laid upon the rocks in the walls of the dwelling. Who acts: rocks. A sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, The Badger and the Bear, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Old Indian Legends, The Badger and the Bear, sentence 11

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These firmly tied bags of dried meat were laid upon the rocks in the walls of the dwelling.

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**Who acts:** rocks · **What happens:** tie, dry, lay · **To what, where:** tied bags

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This is a sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, The Badger and the Bear. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (rocks), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg338:7:11
# text = These firmly tied bags of dried meat were laid upon the rocks in the walls of the dwelling.
1	These	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	4	det	_	_
2	firmly	firmly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	tied	tie	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	amod	_	_
4	bags	bag	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	dried	dry	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	amod	_	_
7	meat	meat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	laid	lay	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
10	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	rocks	rock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl:agent	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	walls	wall	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nmod	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	dwelling	dwelling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tie** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | firmly *property* | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **dry** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **lay** | past · passive | the rocks in the walls of the dwelling | this tied bags of dried meat |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Result |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Project Gutenberg book 338 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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