---
title: “Give--” he began, when the bear turning upon him with a growl, thru… — Old Indian Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: “Give--” he began, when the bear turning upon him with a growl, thrust him cruelly aside. Who acts: father, bear. A sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, The Badger and the Bear, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Old Indian Legends, The Badger and the Bear, sentence 126

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“Give--” he began, when the bear turning upon him with a growl, thrust him cruelly aside.

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**Who acts:** father, bear · **What happens:** give, begin, turn · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, The Badger and the Bear. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (father, bear), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg338:7:126
# text = “Give--” he began, when the bear turning upon him with a growl, thrust him cruelly aside.
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Give	give	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
5	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	11	advmod	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	bear	bear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
11	turning	turn	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	parataxis	_	_
12	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obl	_	_
14	with	with	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	growl	growl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	thrust	thrust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	_
19	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	obj	_	_
20	cruelly	cruelly	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
21	aside	aside	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn break\_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **begin** | past | father |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 3 | **turn** | gerund | the bear |  |  |  |  | upon father; with a growl and thrust; aside *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme upon he=Trajectory |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Project Gutenberg book 338 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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