---
title: At once he guessed it was the avenger of whom he had heard long, lon… — Old Indian Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: At once he guessed it was the avenger of whom he had heard long, long ago. Who acts: distance, head. A sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, The Badger and the Bear, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg338/7/160/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Old Indian Legends](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg338/) / [The Badger and the Bear](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg338/7/) / 160

# Old Indian Legends, The Badger and the Bear, sentence 160

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
At once he guessed it was the avenger of whom he had heard long, long ago.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** distance, head · **What happens:** guess, be, hear · **To what, where:** avenger · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, The Badger and the Bear. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (distance, head), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg338:7:160
# text = At once he guessed it was the avenger of whom he had heard long, long ago.
1	At	at	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	4	obl	_	_
3	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	guessed	guess	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	avenger	avenger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	ccomp	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	whom	whom	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	8	nmod	_	_
11	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
12	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
13	heard	hear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	10	acl:relcl	_	_
14	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	17	advmod	_	_
17	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **guess** | past | distance |  |  |  |  | ago *property* | vn estimate-34.2-1-1 «NP V NP PP.value»: agent=Agent at once=Value |
| 2 | **is a** | past | head | the avenger |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **hear** | past · perfect | distance |  |  |  |  | long *property* | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Project Gutenberg book 338 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [sentence 159](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg338/7/159/)
- next →: [sentence 161](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg338/7/161/)
- ↑ back to [The Badger and the Bear](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg338/7/)