---
title: At last to urge his men to their utmost skill he bade his crier proc… — Old Indian Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: At last to urge his men to their utmost skill he bade his crier proclaim a new reward. Who acts: eagle, crier. A sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, The Tree-bound, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Old Indian Legends, The Tree-bound, sentence 18

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At last to urge his men to their utmost skill he bade his crier proclaim a new reward.

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**Who acts:** eagle, crier · **What happens:** urge, bade, proclaim · **To what, where:** men, last, utmost skill, new reward

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This is a sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, The Tree-bound. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (eagle, crier), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg338:8:18
# text = At last to urge his men to their utmost skill he bade his crier proclaim a new reward.
1	At	at	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	obl	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	urge	urge	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
9	utmost	utmost	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	skill	skill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
11	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	bade	bade	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	acl:relcl	_	_
13	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	crier	crier	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
15	proclaim	proclaim	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	ccomp	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	reward	reward	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **urge** | to-infinitive |  |  | eagle's men | last |  | to men's utmost skill | vn urge-58.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent man=Recipient |
| 2 | **bade** | past | eagle | men's utmost skill *not said here* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **proclaim** | infinitive | eagle's crier | a new reward |  |  |  |  | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reward=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Project Gutenberg book 338 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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