---
title: The singing of birds filled the summer space between earth and sky w… — Old Indian Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: The singing of birds filled the summer space between earth and sky with sweet music. Who acts: singing. A sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, The Tree-bound, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Old Indian Legends, The Tree-bound, sentence 4

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The singing of birds filled the summer space between earth and sky with sweet music.

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**Who acts:** singing · **What happens:** fill, sing · **To what, where:** summer space, birds

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This is a sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, The Tree-bound. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (singing), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg338:8:4
# text = The singing of birds filled the summer space between earth and sky with sweet music.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	singing	singing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
5	filled	fill	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	space	space	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
9	between	between	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	earth	earth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	sky	sky	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
13	with	with	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	sweet	sweet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	music	music	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fill** | past | the singing of birds | the summer space |  |  |  | between earth with sweet music and sky | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent space=Patient |
| 2 | **sing** |  |  | birds |  |  |  |  | nom singing «act transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Project Gutenberg book 338 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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