---
title: Again and again sang a yellow-breasted birdie--“Koda Ni Dakota!” — Old Indian Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: Again and again sang a yellow-breasted birdie--“Koda Ni Dakota!” A sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, The Tree-bound, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Old Indian Legends, The Tree-bound, sentence 5

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Again and again sang a yellow-breasted birdie--“Koda Ni Dakota!”

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**What happens:** sing, breast · **To what, where:** yellow breasted birdie

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This is a sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, The Tree-bound. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg338:8:5
# text = Again and again sang a yellow-breasted birdie--“Koda Ni Dakota!”
1	Again	again	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
3	again	again	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	sang	sing	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
6	yellow	yellow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	breasted	breast	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	amod	_	_
9	birdie	birdie	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	Koda	Koda	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	Ni	Ni	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	Dakota	Dakota	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sing** *speech: express* | past |  | a yellow breasted birdie |  |  | again; again |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location birdie=Theme |
| 2 | **breast** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn confront-98 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Project Gutenberg book 338 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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