---
title: Now it chanced that immortal Iktomi, fully recovered from the brown… — Old Indian Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: Now it chanced that immortal Iktomi, fully recovered from the brown burnt spots, overheard the people talking. Who acts: mouth, people. A sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, The Tree-bound, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Old Indian Legends, The Tree-bound, sentence 67

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Now it chanced that immortal Iktomi, fully recovered from the brown burnt spots, overheard the people talking.

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**Who acts:** mouth, people · **What happens:** chance, recover, overhear, talk · **To what, where:** immortal Iktomi, brown burnt spots, people

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This is a sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, The Tree-bound. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (mouth, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg338:8:67
# text = Now it chanced that immortal Iktomi, fully recovered from the brown burnt spots, overheard the people talking.
1	Now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
2	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	chanced	chance	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
5	immortal	immortal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	Iktomi	Iktomi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	fully	fully	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	recovered	recover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
10	from	from	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
12	brown	brown	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
13	burnt	burnt	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	spots	spot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	overheard	overhear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obj	_	_
19	talking	talk	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	18	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **chance** | past | mouth | immortal Iktomi |  |  | now |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **recover** | participle | mouth *not said here* |  |  | the brown burnt spots |  | fully *property* | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent from spot=Source |
| 3 | **overhear** | past | mouth *not said here* | the people |  |  |  |  | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer people=Stimulus |
| 4 | **talk** | gerund | the people *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Project Gutenberg book 338 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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