---
title: “Ha! ha! 'tis he! the man with the magic arrow!” laughed Iktomi. — Old Indian Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: “Ha! ha! 'tis he! the man with the magic arrow!” laughed Iktomi. Who acts: tis, man. A sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, The Tree-bound, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Old Indian Legends, The Tree-bound, sentence 78

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“Ha! ha! 'tis he! the man with the magic arrow!” laughed Iktomi.

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**Who acts:** tis, man · **What happens:** man, laugh · **To what, where:** Iktomi

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This is a sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, The Tree-bound. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (tis, man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg338:8:78
# text = “Ha! ha! 'tis he! the man with the magic arrow!” laughed Iktomi.
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Ha	ha	INTJ	UH	_	7	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
4	ha	ha	INTJ	UH	_	2	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
6	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	tis	tis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
8	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
12	with	with	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	magic	magic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	arrow	arrow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	_
18	laughed	laugh	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
19	Iktomi	Iktomi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	18	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **man** *in a quote* |  | tis |  |  |  |  | with the magic arrow | tree rules |
| 2 | **laugh** | past | the man | Iktomi |  |  |  |  | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent iktomi=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Project Gutenberg book 338 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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