---
title: Iktomi put his hand over his mouth as he threw his head far backward… — Old Indian Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: Iktomi put his hand over his mouth as he threw his head far backward, laughing at both the bird and man. Who acts: Iktomi. A sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, The Tree-bound, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg338/8/81/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Old Indian Legends](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg338/) / [The Tree-bound](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg338/8/) / 81

# Old Indian Legends, The Tree-bound, sentence 81

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Iktomi put his hand over his mouth as he threw his head far backward, laughing at both the bird and man.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Iktomi · **What happens:** put, throw, laugh · **To what, where:** hand, mouth, head

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, The Tree-bound. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Iktomi), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg338:8:81
# text = Iktomi put his hand over his mouth as he threw his head far backward, laughing at both the bird and man.
1	Iktomi	Iktomi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	put	put	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	over	over	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	mouth	mouth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
9	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	threw	throw	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
11	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
13	far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	14	advmod	_	_
14	backward	backward	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	laughing	laugh	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	10	advcl	_	_
17	at	at	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
18	both	both	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc:preconj	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | past | Iktomi | Iktomi's hand |  | Iktomi's mouth |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent hand=Theme over mouth=Destination |
| 2 | **throw** | past | Iktomi | Iktomi's head |  |  |  | backward *property* | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent head=Theme |
| 3 | **laugh** | gerund | Iktomi *not said here* |  |  |  |  | at the bird and man | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Project Gutenberg book 338 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [sentence 80](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg338/8/80/)
- next →: [sentence 82](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg338/8/82/)
- ↑ back to [The Tree-bound](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg338/8/)