---
title: Ha! ha! ha!” he laughed again. — Old Indian Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: Ha! ha! ha!” he laughed again. Who acts: Iktomi. A sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, The Tree-bound, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Old Indian Legends, The Tree-bound, sentence 84

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Ha! ha! ha!” he laughed again.

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**Who acts:** Iktomi · **What happens:** laugh

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This is a sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, The Tree-bound. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Iktomi), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg338:8:84
# text = Ha! ha! ha!” he laughed again.
1	Ha	ha	INTJ	UH	_	9	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
3	ha	ha	INTJ	UH	_	1	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
5	ha	ha	INTJ	UH	_	1	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	1	punct	_	_
8	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	laughed	laugh	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	again	again	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **laugh** *in a quote* | past | Iktomi |  |  |  | again |  | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Project Gutenberg book 338 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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