---
title: He was passing now beyond the tree, when Iktomi, springing to his fe… — Old Indian Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: He was passing now beyond the tree, when Iktomi, springing to his feet, called out: “How, how, my friend! Who acts: Iktomi. A sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, The Tree-bound, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Old Indian Legends, The Tree-bound, sentence 87

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He was passing now beyond the tree, when Iktomi, springing to his feet, called out: “How, how, my friend!

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**Who acts:** Iktomi · **What happens:** pass, spring, call out · **To what, where:** tree, feet

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This is a sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, The Tree-bound. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Iktomi), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg338:8:87
# text = He was passing now beyond the tree, when Iktomi, springing to his feet, called out: “How, how, my friend!
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	passing	pass	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
5	beyond	beyond	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	12	advmod	_	_
10	Iktomi	Iktomi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	springing	spring	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	conj	_	_
13	to	to	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	feet	foot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	acl	_	_
18	out	out	ADP	RP	_	17	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	3	punct	_	_
20	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
23	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
25	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	26	nmod:poss	_	_
26	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pass** | past · progressive | Iktomi |  |  | the tree | now |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme beyond tree=Location |
| 2 | **spring** | gerund | Iktomi |  |  | Iktomi's feet |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme to foot=Destination |
| 3 | **call out** *speech: assert* | participle |  | Iktomi's feet *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Project Gutenberg book 338 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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