---
title: Seeing the young man only smiled Iktomi went on: “I have not had a m… — Old Indian Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: Seeing the young man only smiled Iktomi went on: “I have not had a mouthful of food this day. Who acts: Seeing, Iktomi, bird. A sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, The Tree-bound, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Old Indian Legends, The Tree-bound, sentence 90

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Seeing the young man only smiled Iktomi went on: “I have not had a mouthful of food this day.

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**Who acts:** Seeing, Iktomi, bird · **What happens:** see, smile, go on, not have · **To what, where:** young man, mouthful · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, The Tree-bound. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Seeing, Iktomi, bird), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg338:8:90
# text = Seeing the young man only smiled Iktomi went on: “I have not had a mouthful of food this day.
1	Seeing	see	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	csubj	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	only	only	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	smiled	smile	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	Iktomi	Iktomi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	ccomp	_	_
9	on	on	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
11	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
13	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
14	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	15	advmod	_	_
15	had	have	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	6	parataxis	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	mouthful	mouthful	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	_
20	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	21	det	_	_
21	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | gerund |  | the young man |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer man=Stimulus |
| 2 | **smile** | past | Seeing |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **go on** | past | Iktomi |  |  |  |  |  | vn function-105.2.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **not** **have** *in a quote* | present · perfect | the bird with the yellow breast *= bird* | a mouthful of food |  |  | day |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mouthful=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Project Gutenberg book 338 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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