---
title: When he had finished his meal he handed the empty bowl to the chieft… — Old Indian Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: When he had finished his meal he handed the empty bowl to the chieftain's wife, saying, “Mother-in-law, here is your dish!” Who acts: chieftain, dish. A sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Shooting of the Red Eagle, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Old Indian Legends, Shooting of the Red Eagle, sentence 17

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
When he had finished his meal he handed the empty bowl to the chieftain's wife, saying, “Mother-in-law, here is your dish!”

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**Who acts:** chieftain, dish · **What happens:** finish, hand, say, be · **To what, where:** meal, empty bowl, wife, Mother, law · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Shooting of the Red Eagle. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (chieftain, dish), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg338:9:17
# text = When he had finished his meal he handed the empty bowl to the chieftain's wife, saying, “Mother-in-law, here is your dish!”
1	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	4	advmod	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	finished	finish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	8	advcl	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	meal	meal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	handed	hand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	empty	empty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	bowl	bowl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
12	to	to	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	chieftain	chieftain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	's	's	PART	POS	_	14	case	_	_
16	wife	wife	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	saying	say	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
20	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	Mother	mother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	25	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	in	in	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	law	law	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
27	here	here	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	18	ccomp	_	_
28	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	27	cop	_	_
29	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	30	nmod:poss	_	_
30	dish	dish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **finish** | past · perfect | chieftain | chieftain's meal |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Affector meal=Eventuality |
| 2 | **hand** | past | chieftain | the empty bowl | the chieftain's wife |  |  |  | vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent bowl=Theme to wife=Destination |
| 3 | **say** *speech: express* | gerund | chieftain *not said here* | Mother |  | law |  |  | vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP PP.manner»: agent=Agent mother=Theme in law=Manner |
| 4 | **is** *in a quote* | present | your dish |  |  |  |  | here *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Project Gutenberg book 338 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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