---
title: The ringing laughter which had floated up through the smoke lapels w… — Old Indian Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: The ringing laughter which had floated up through the smoke lapels was now hushed, and only the distant howling of wolves broke the quiet of the village. Who acts: distant howling, wolves. A sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Shooting of the Red Eagle, with its dependency tree and the p
---

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# Old Indian Legends, Shooting of the Red Eagle, sentence 24

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The ringing laughter which had floated up through the smoke lapels was now hushed, and only the distant howling of wolves broke the quiet of the village.

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**Who acts:** distant howling, wolves · **What happens:** float up, hush, break, howl · **To what, where:** ringing laughter, smoke lapels, quiet

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This is a sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Shooting of the Red Eagle. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (distant howling, wolves), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg338:9:24
# text = The ringing laughter which had floated up through the smoke lapels was now hushed, and only the distant howling of wolves broke the quiet of the village.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	ringing	ringing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	laughter	laughter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	floated	float	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl:relcl	_	_
7	up	up	ADP	RP	_	6	compound:prt	_	_
8	through	through	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	smoke	smoke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	lapels	lapel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
12	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux:pass	_	_
13	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	14	advmod	_	_
14	hushed	hush	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
17	only	only	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	distant	distant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	howling	howling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nsubj	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	wolves	wolf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	nmod	_	_
23	broke	break	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	parataxis	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	quiet	quiet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obj	_	_
26	of	of	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	village	village	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **float up** | past · perfect · passive |  | the ringing laughter |  | the smoke lapels |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: subject=Theme through lapel=Trajectory |
| 2 | **hush** | past · passive |  | the ringing laughter |  |  | now |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient |
| 3 | **break** | past | the distant howling of wolves | the quiet of the village |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer quiet=Patient |
| 4 | **howl** |  | wolves |  |  |  |  |  | nom howling «communication intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Project Gutenberg book 338 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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