---
title: ‘Perhaps she has,’ laughed the girl, and as she spoke she seemed to… — The Lilac Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: ‘Perhaps she has,’ laughed the girl, and as she spoke she seemed to hear an echo of her laughter coming from the horse, but of course that was nonsense. Who acts: fairy, laughter, that. A sentence of «The Lilac Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Lilac Fairy Book, part 10, with its dependency tree and t
---

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# The Lilac Fairy Book, The Lilac Fairy Book, part 10, sentence 59

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
‘Perhaps she has,’ laughed the girl, and as she spoke she seemed to hear an echo of her laughter coming from the horse, but of course that was nonsense.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** fairy, laughter, that · **What happens:** have, laugh, speak, seem, hear, come · **To what, where:** girl, echo, nonsense · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «The Lilac Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Lilac Fairy Book, part 10. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (fairy, laughter, that), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg3454:10:59
# text = ‘Perhaps she has,’ laughed the girl, and as she spoke she seemed to hear an echo of her laughter coming from the horse, but of course that was nonsense.
1	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Perhaps	perhaps	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
3	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	’	'	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	laughed	laugh	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	girl	girl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
12	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
13	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
14	spoke	speak	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
15	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
16	seemed	seem	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	ccomp	_	_
17	to	to	PART	TO	_	18	mark	_	_
18	hear	hear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	xcomp	_	_
19	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	echo	echo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	23	nmod:poss	_	_
23	laughter	laughter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	_
24	coming	come	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	23	acl	_	_
25	from	from	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
29	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
30	of	of	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
31	course	course	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	obl	_	_
32	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	34	nsubj	_	_
33	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	34	cop	_	_
34	nonsense	nonsense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | fairy |  |  |  |  | perhaps *property* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **laugh** | past | fairy *not said here* | the girl |  |  |  |  | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent girl=Theme |
| 3 | **speak** *speech: other* | past | fairy |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **seem** | past | fairy |  |  |  |  |  | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Attribute |
| 5 | **hear** | to-infinitive | fairy *not said here* | a echo of fairy's laughter |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer echo=Stimulus |
| 6 | **come** | gerund | fairy's laughter *not said here* |  |  |  |  | from the horse | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from horse=Initial\_Location |
| 7 | **is a** | past | that | nonsense |  |  |  | of course | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Lilac Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 3454 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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