---
title: Men red as copper galloped over the immense green prairies and shot… — The Lilac Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: Men red as copper galloped over the immense green prairies and shot their arrows at the buffaloes, who turned against them with their sharp horns. Who acts: Men, buffaloes. A sentence of «The Lilac Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Lilac Fairy Book, part 14, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics
---

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# The Lilac Fairy Book, The Lilac Fairy Book, part 14, sentence 105

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Men red as copper galloped over the immense green prairies and shot their arrows at the buffaloes, who turned against them with their sharp horns.

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**Who acts:** Men, buffaloes · **What happens:** gallop, shoot, turn · **To what, where:** immense green prairies, arrows, buffaloes

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This is a sentence of «The Lilac Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Lilac Fairy Book, part 14. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Men, buffaloes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg3454:14:105
# text = Men red as copper galloped over the immense green prairies and shot their arrows at the buffaloes, who turned against them with their sharp horns.
1	Men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
2	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	amod	_	_
3	as	as	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	copper	copper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
5	galloped	gallop	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	over	over	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
8	immense	immense	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
9	green	green	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	prairies	prairie	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	shot	shoot	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
13	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	arrows	arrow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obj	_	_
15	at	at	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	buffaloes	buffalo	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	20	nsubj	_	_
20	turned	turn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	acl:relcl	_	_
21	against	against	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	obl	_	_
23	with	with	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
24	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	26	nmod:poss	_	_
25	sharp	sharp	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	horns	horn	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **gallop** | past | Men |  |  | the immense green prairies |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over prairie=Trajectory |
| 2 | **shoot** | past | Men *not said here* | prairies's arrows |  | the buffaloes |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent arrow=Theme at buffalo=Destination |
| 3 | **turn** | past | the buffaloes |  |  |  |  | against buffaloes *= buffalo*; with buffaloes's sharp horns | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme against they=Trajectory |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Lilac Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 3454 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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