---
title: He had never read Kalevala and knew nothing of the sea gods of old,… — The Lilac Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: He had never read Kalevala and knew nothing of the sea gods of old, but the students proceeded to explain to him. Who acts: Ahtola, students. A sentence of «The Lilac Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Lilac Fairy Book, part 23, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg3454/23/64/)

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# The Lilac Fairy Book, The Lilac Fairy Book, part 23, sentence 64

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He had never read Kalevala and knew nothing of the sea gods of old, but the students proceeded to explain to him.

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**Who acts:** Ahtola, students · **What happens:** not read, know, proceed, explain · **To what, where:** Kalevala, nothing, Ahtola

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This is a sentence of «The Lilac Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Lilac Fairy Book, part 23. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ahtola, students), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg3454:23:64
# text = He had never read Kalevala and knew nothing of the sea gods of old, but the students proceeded to explain to him.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	read	read	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	Kalevala	Kalevala	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	knew	know	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
8	nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	7	obj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	gods	god	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
16	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	students	student	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	nsubj	_	_
19	proceeded	proceed	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
20	to	to	PART	TO	_	21	mark	_	_
21	explain	explain	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	19	xcomp	_	_
22	to	to	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **read** | past | Ahtola | Kalevala |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kalevala=Topic |
| 2 | **know** | past | Ahtola *not said here* | nothing |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer nothing=Stimulus |
| 3 | **proceed** | past | the students |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 4 | **explain** *speech: assert* | to-infinitive | the students *not said here* |  | Ahtola |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V PP.recipient how S»: agent=Agent to he=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Lilac Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 3454 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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