---
title: ‘Well, my dear cousin,’ said she, ‘and how have you fared since last… — The Lilac Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: ‘Well, my dear cousin,’ said she, ‘and how have you fared since last Christmas Eve, when we had a conversation together?’ Who acts: dear cousin, you, we. A sentence of «The Lilac Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Lilac Fairy Book, part 25, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg3454/25/71/)

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# The Lilac Fairy Book, The Lilac Fairy Book, part 25, sentence 71

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
‘Well, my dear cousin,’ said she, ‘and how have you fared since last Christmas Eve, when we had a conversation together?’

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**Who acts:** dear cousin, you, we · **What happens:** say, fare, have · **To what, where:** conversation · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Lilac Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Lilac Fairy Book, part 25. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (dear cousin, you, we), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg3454:25:71
# text = ‘Well, my dear cousin,’ said she, ‘and how have you fared since last Christmas Eve, when we had a conversation together?’
1	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Well	well	INTJ	UH	_	9	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
4	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
5	dear	dear	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	cousin	cousin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
9	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
12	‘	‘	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
14	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	17	advmod	_	_
15	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
16	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
17	fared	fare	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	9	conj	_	_
18	since	since	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	Christmas	Christmas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
21	Eve	Eve	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
23	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	25	advmod	_	_
24	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	25	nsubj	_	_
25	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	advcl	_	_
26	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	conversation	conversation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obj	_	_
28	together	together	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | my dear cousin |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **fare** | present · perfect | you |  |  |  | since last Christmas |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **have** | past | we | a conversation |  |  |  | together *property* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent conversation=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Lilac Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 3454 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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