---
title: Leaf after leaf he threw aside in disgust, and he had nearly reached… — The Lilac Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: Leaf after leaf he threw aside in disgust, and he had nearly reached the end when he gave a cry of joy--the five-leaved trefoil was in his hand. Who acts: Leaf, sky, leaved trefoil, joy. A sentence of «The Lilac Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Lilac Fairy Book, part 25, with its dependency tree and 
---

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# The Lilac Fairy Book, The Lilac Fairy Book, part 25, sentence 89

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Leaf after leaf he threw aside in disgust, and he had nearly reached the end when he gave a cry of joy--the five-leaved trefoil was in his hand.

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**Who acts:** Leaf, sky, leaved trefoil, joy · **What happens:** throw, reach, give, be, cry · **To what, where:** disgust, end, cry, hand

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This is a sentence of «The Lilac Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Lilac Fairy Book, part 25. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Leaf, sky, leaved trefoil, joy), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg3454:25:89
# text = Leaf after leaf he threw aside in disgust, and he had nearly reached the end when he gave a cry of joy--the five-leaved trefoil was in his hand.
1	Leaf	leaf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	after	after	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	leaf	leaf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
4	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	threw	throw	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	aside	aside	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	disgust	disgust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
11	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
12	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
13	nearly	nearly	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	reached	reach	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	5	parataxis	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
17	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	19	advmod	_	_
18	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
19	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	advcl	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	cry	cry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	joy	joy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
26	five	five	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	28	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	26	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	leaved	leaved	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	amod	_	_
29	trefoil	trefoil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	nsubj	_	_
30	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	33	cop	_	_
31	in	in	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	33	nmod:poss	_	_
33	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **throw** | past | Leaf after leaf |  |  | disgust |  | aside *property* | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent in disgust=Destination |
| 2 | **reach** | past · perfect | sky | the end |  |  |  | nearly *property* | vn body\_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent end=Theme |
| 3 | **give** | past | sky | a cry of joy |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cry=Theme |
| 4 | **is** | past | the leaved trefoil |  |  | sky's hand |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **cry** |  | joy |  |  |  |  |  | nom cry «communication intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Lilac Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 3454 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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