---
title: When the hail had passed, I looked on the tree and not a single leaf… — The Lilac Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: When the hail had passed, I looked on the tree and not a single leaf was left on it, and the sky was blue and the sun shining, while on the branches were perched birds of very kind, who sang a song sweeter than any that has come to my ears, either before or since. Who acts: hail, I, sky, sun. A sent
---

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# The Lilac Fairy Book, The Lilac Fairy Book, part 30, sentence 54

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
When the hail had passed, I looked on the tree and not a single leaf was left on it, and the sky was blue and the sun shining, while on the branches were perched birds of very kind, who sang a song sweeter than any that has come to my ears, either before or since.

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**Who acts:** hail, I, sky, sun, any · **What happens:** pass, look, leave, be, shine, perch · **To what, where:** single leaf, hail, branches, song, ears

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This is a sentence of «The Lilac Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Lilac Fairy Book, part 30. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hail, I, sky, sun), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg3454:30:54
# text = When the hail had passed, I looked on the tree and not a single leaf was left on it, and the sky was blue and the sun shining, while on the branches were perched birds of very kind, who sang a song sweeter than any that has come to my ears, either before or since.
1	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	5	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	hail	hail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	passed	pass	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	8	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	on	on	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
13	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	16	advmod	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	single	single	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	leaf	leaf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj:pass	_	_
17	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux:pass	_	_
18	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	conj	_	_
19	on	on	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	sky	sky	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	nsubj	_	_
25	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	26	cop	_	_
26	blue	blue	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	conj	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	sun	sun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	nsubj	_	_
30	shining	shine	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	26	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	38	punct	_	_
32	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	37	mark	_	_
33	on	on	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
34	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
35	branches	branch	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	37	obl	_	_
36	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	37	aux:pass	_	_
37	perched	perch	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	38	amod	_	_
38	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	parataxis	_	_
39	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	41	mark	_	_
40	very	very	ADV	RB	_	41	advmod	_	_
41	kind	kind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	38	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	44	punct	_	_
43	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	44	nsubj	_	_
44	sang	sing	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	41	conj	_	_
45	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	46	det	_	_
46	song	song	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	44	obj	_	_
47	sweeter	sweet	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	44	xcomp	_	_
48	than	than	SCONJ	IN	_	52	mark	_	_
49	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	52	nsubj	_	_
50	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	52	nsubj	_	_
51	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	52	aux	_	_
52	come	come	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	47	advcl	_	_
53	to	to	ADP	IN	_	55	case	_	_
54	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	55	nmod:poss	_	_
55	ears	ear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	52	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
56	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	58	punct	_	_
57	either	either	CCONJ	CC	_	58	cc:preconj	_	_
58	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	8	advmod	_	_
59	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	60	cc	_	_
60	since	since	ADV	RB	_	58	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
61	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pass** | past · perfect | the hail |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **look** | past | I |  |  |  |  | on the tree | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent on tree=Theme |
| 3 | **leave** | past · passive |  | a single leaf |  | hail |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: subject=Theme on it=Location |
| 4 | **is** | past | the sky |  |  |  |  | blue *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **shine** | gerund | the sun |  |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **perch** | past · passive |  |  |  | the branches |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: on branch=Location |
| 7 | **sing** *speech: express* | past |  | a song |  |  |  | sweet *property* | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location song=Theme |
| 8 | **come** | present · perfect | any |  |  | my ears |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to ear=Initial\_Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Lilac Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 3454 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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