---
title: ‘Oh, Gwalchmai, I am grieved concerning Owen, whom I have lost these… — The Lilac Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: ‘Oh, Gwalchmai, I am grieved concerning Owen, whom I have lost these three years, and if a fourth year passes without him I can live no longer. Who acts: I, fourth year. A sentence of «The Lilac Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Lilac Fairy Book, part 31, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of
---

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# The Lilac Fairy Book, The Lilac Fairy Book, part 31, sentence 33

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
‘Oh, Gwalchmai, I am grieved concerning Owen, whom I have lost these three years, and if a fourth year passes without him I can live no longer.

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**Who acts:** I, fourth year · **What happens:** grieve, concern, lose, pass, live · **To what, where:** I, Owen

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This is a sentence of «The Lilac Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Lilac Fairy Book, part 31. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, fourth year), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg3454:31:33
# text = ‘Oh, Gwalchmai, I am grieved concerning Owen, whom I have lost these three years, and if a fourth year passes without him I can live no longer.
1	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Oh	oh	INTJ	UH	_	8	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	Gwalchmai	Gwalchmai	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	vocative	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
6	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
7	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	grieved	grieve	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	xcomp	_	_
10	Owen	Owen	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	whom	whom	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	15	obj	_	_
13	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
14	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
15	lost	lose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	10	acl:relcl	_	_
16	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	18	det	_	_
17	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	18	nummod	_	_
18	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
21	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	25	mark	_	_
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
23	fourth	fourth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	24	amod	_	_
24	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nsubj	_	_
25	passes	pass	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	30	advcl	_	_
26	without	without	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	obl	_	_
28	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	30	nsubj	_	_
29	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	30	aux	_	_
30	live	live	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	conj	_	_
31	no	no	ADV	RB	_	32	advmod	_	_
32	longer	long	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	30	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grieve** | present · passive |  | I |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **concern** | gerund |  | Owen |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus owen=Experiencer |
| 3 | **lose** | present · perfect | I | Owen |  |  | year |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent whom=Eventuality |
| 4 | **pass** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | a fourth year |  |  |  |  | without Owen | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **live** | can | I |  |  |  |  | long *property* | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Lilac Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 3454 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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