---
title: The wild beasts were his friends, and he slept by their side, but in… — The Lilac Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: The wild beasts were his friends, and he slept by their side, but in the end he longed to see the face of a man again, and he came down into a valley and fell asleep by a lake in the lands of a widowed countess. Who acts: wild beasts, Owen. A sentence of «The Lilac Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Li
---

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# The Lilac Fairy Book, The Lilac Fairy Book, part 31, sentence 66

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The wild beasts were his friends, and he slept by their side, but in the end he longed to see the face of a man again, and he came down into a valley and fell asleep by a lake in the lands of a widowed countess.

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**Who acts:** wild beasts, Owen · **What happens:** be, sleep, long, see, come down, fall · **To what, where:** friends, end, face, valley

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This is a sentence of «The Lilac Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Lilac Fairy Book, part 31. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (wild beasts, Owen), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg3454:31:66
# text = The wild beasts were his friends, and he slept by their side, but in the end he longed to see the face of a man again, and he came down into a valley and fell asleep by a lake in the lands of a widowed countess.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	wild	wild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	beasts	beast	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
4	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	friends	friend	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	slept	sleep	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
11	by	by	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
15	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	_
19	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
20	longed	long	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
21	to	to	PART	TO	_	22	mark	_	_
22	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	xcomp	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	_
25	of	of	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nmod	_	_
28	again	again	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
30	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
31	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	32	nsubj	_	_
32	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	conj	_	_
33	down	down	ADV	RB	_	32	advmod	_	_
34	into	into	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
35	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
36	valley	valley	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	obl	_	_
37	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	38	cc	_	_
38	fell	fall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	conj	_	_
39	asleep	asleep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	38	xcomp	_	_
40	by	by	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
41	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	42	det	_	_
42	lake	lake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	38	obl	_	_
43	in	in	ADP	IN	_	45	case	_	_
44	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	45	det	_	_
45	lands	land	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	42	nmod	_	_
46	of	of	ADP	IN	_	49	case	_	_
47	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	49	det	_	_
48	widowed	widow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	49	amod	_	_
49	countess	countess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	45	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
50	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the wild beasts | Owen's friends |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **sleep** | past | Owen | Owen's friends *not said here* |  |  |  | by beasts's side | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent friend=Theme |
| 3 | **long** | past | Owen |  |  |  | in the end |  | vn long-32.2 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 4 | **see** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | Owen *not said here* | the face of a man |  |  | again |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer face=Stimulus |
| 5 | **come down** | past | Owen |  |  | a valley |  | down *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme into valley=Initial\_Location |
| 6 | **fall** | past | Owen *not said here* |  |  |  |  | by a lake in the lands of a widowed countess; asleep *property* | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme by lake=Location |
| 7 | **widow** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn orphan-29.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Lilac Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 3454 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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