---
title: ‘We cannot spend our lives thus,’ said Manawyddan at last, ‘let us g… — The Lilac Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: ‘We cannot spend our lives thus,’ said Manawyddan at last, ‘let us go into England and learn some trade by which we may live.’ Who acts: We, Manawyddan, us. A sentence of «The Lilac Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Lilac Fairy Book, part 35, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause
---

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# The Lilac Fairy Book, The Lilac Fairy Book, part 35, sentence 11

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
‘We cannot spend our lives thus,’ said Manawyddan at last, ‘let us go into England and learn some trade by which we may live.’

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**Who acts:** We, Manawyddan, us · **What happens:** not spend, say, let, go, learn, live · **To what, where:** lives, last, us, England, trade · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Lilac Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Lilac Fairy Book, part 35. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (We, Manawyddan, us), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg3454:35:11
# text = ‘We cannot spend our lives thus,’ said Manawyddan at last, ‘let us go into England and learn some trade by which we may live.’
1	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	spend	spend	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	ccomp	_	_
6	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	lives	life	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
8	thus	thus	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
11	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	Manawyddan	Manawyddan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
13	at	at	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	let	let	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	ccomp	_	_
18	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	17	obj	_	_
19	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	xcomp	_	_
20	into	into	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	England	England	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	learn	learn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	19	conj	_	_
24	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	25	det	_	_
25	trade	trade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obj	_	_
26	by	by	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	30	obl	_	_
28	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	30	nsubj	_	_
29	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	30	aux	_	_
30	live	live	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	25	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	17	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **spend** | can | We | our lives |  |  |  | thus *property* | vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent life=Asset |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Manawyddan |  |  | last |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **let** | infinitive |  | us |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **go** | infinitive | us *not said here* |  |  | England |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme into england=Initial\_Location |
| 5 | **learn** | infinitive | us *not said here* | some trade |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent trade=Topic |
| 6 | **live** | may | we |  |  |  |  | by some trade | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by which=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Lilac Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 3454 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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